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New York City Department of Correction
The New York City Department of Correction (DOC or NYCD) is the branch of the municipal government of New York City〔New York City Charter § 621; "There shall be a department of correction the head of which shall be the commissioner of correction."〕 responsible for the custody, control, and care of New York City's imprisoned population, housing the majority of them on Rikers Island.〔 It employs 8,000 uniformed officers and 1,400 civilian staff, has 543 vehicles,〔 and processes over 100,000 new inmates every year,〔 retaining a population of inmates of between 13,000 and 18,000.〔(Facilities Overview ) New York City Department of Correction, retrieved March 13, 2008〕 Its nickname is ''New York's Boldest''.〔 Its regulations are compiled in title 39 of the ''New York City Rules''. Previously located in Manhattan, the Department of Correction headquarters has now moved to the Bulova building in the northern section of Jackson Heights, Queens, minutes from Rikers Island. The agency is headed by the Correction Commissioner, who is chosen and appointed by the Mayor of New York City.
==History==
The New York City Department of Correction was first founded as a separate entity in New York City in 1895 after a split from the Department of Public Charities and Correction.〔(History of the DOC ) New York City Department of Correction, retrieved March 13, 2008〕 Roosevelt Island, then called Blackwell's Island, was the main penal institution under the jurisdiction of the DOC until the 1930s when it was closed. The penal institutions moved to Rikers Island, which the city purchased for $180,000, where 10 prisons and 12,000 inmates are now held.〔
In 1995, the New York City jail system was one of the most violent in the United States, averaging more than 100 stabbings and slashings per month. Between January 1995 and January 2002, the department achieved a 93% reduction in inmate on inmate violence as a result of a management system recognized by Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government, called Total Efficiency Accountability Management System (TEAMS).〔http://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/08/nyregion/lockdown-special-report-iron-hand-rikers-island-drastically-reduces-violence.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm〕 By 2007, the number of stabbings was reduced to 19, making that year the Department of Correction's safest on record. Although the issue of under reporting of incidents has not been ever addressed.〔''Press Release - January 6, 2008'' New York City Department of Corrections, available (here ) retrieved March 13, 2008〕
In 2009, former commissioner of both the Missouri and Arizona prison systems Dora Schriro was selected to head the department, with some citing a need in the department for a boost in morale.〔City Jails Get a New Commissioner () The Village Voice〕 Schriro was named in several federal court cases such as Schriro v. Smith and Schriro v. Summerlin. Schriro served with the United States Department of Homeland Security prior to coming to the Department.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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